Volume 2 Article informations Genetic differentiation and gene flow of some Tunisian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) varieties using chloroplastic DNA. Sarra Choulak1, Khaled Chatti 1*, Zined Marzouk 1 and Noueddine Chatti1 Abstract Genetic diversity of Pistacia vera sampled in three traditional areas was studied. The sequences variation of the chloroplastic gene: trnL (UAA) trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer, among fifteen pistachio varieties, was performed. The obtained analyses revealed 9 different haplotypes and three geographic groups. The cytoplasmic diversity of the NJ tree seems to be structured with a biogeography repartition of the variability. The overall estimate of genetic divergence (FST) revealed significant genetic differentiation between all population pairs. Nm value was high between Sidi-Bouzid and Gafsa’s populations indicated high connectivity between them, exchange of varieties by human, wind dispersal of pollen and seeds by insects may be the reasons for these observations. On another hand, Nm values were very low among El- Guetar and the others populations. The surrounding geography of El-Guetar, such as Gafsa Mountains, makes it an isolated population. Finally and overall, Tunisian pistachio seems to be in mutation / derive equilibrium characteristic of a demographic stable population. Revealed cytoplasmic DNA markers are reliable to elaborate a molecular database to conduct management and breeding programs on local pistachio germplasm. Key words: Pistacia vera, Chloroplastic DNA, Genetic diversity, Tunisia.